==> arithmetic/digits/sum.of.digits.s <== let X = 4444^4444 sod(X) <= 9 * (# of digits) < 145900 sod(sod(X)) <= sod(99999) = 45 sod(sod(sod(X))) <= sod(39) = 12 but sod(sod(sod(X))) = 7 (mod 9) thus sod(sod(sod(X))) = 7